Parties to Various Types of Negotiable Instruments:

Drawer” or Drawee: The maker of a bill of exchange or cheque is called the “drawer”; the person thereby directed to pay is called the “drawee”.

Drawee in case of need: When in the bill or in any endorsement thereon the name of any person is given in addition to the drawee to be resorted to in case of need such person is called a “drawee in case of need”.

Acceptor: After the drawee of a bill has signed his assent upon the bill, or, if there are more parts thereof than one, upon one of such parts, and delivered the same, or given notice of such signing to the holder or to some person on this behalf, he is called the “acceptor”.

Acceptor for honor: When a bill of exchange has been noted or protested for non-acceptance or for better security, and any person accepts is supra protest for honor of the drawer or of any one of the endorsers, such person is called an “acceptor for honor”.

Payee: The person named in the instrument, to whom or to whose order the money is by the instrument directed to be paid, is called the “payee”.

Holder: The “holder” of a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque means any person entitled in his own name to the possession thereof and to receive or recover the amount due thereon from the parties thereto. Where the note, bill or cheque is lost or destroyed, its holder is the person so entitled at the time of such loss or destruction.

Holder in due course: “Holder in due course” means any person who for consideration became the possessor of a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque if payable to bearer, or the payee or endorse thereof, if [payable to order] before the amount mentioned in it became payable, and without having sufficient cause to believe that any defect existed in the title of the person from whom he derived his title.

Endorsement: When the marker or holder of an negotiable instrument signs the same, otherwise than as such maker, for the purpose of negotiation, one the back or face thereof or on a slip of paper annexed thereto, or so signs for the same purpose a stamped paper intended to be completed as a negotiable instrument, he is said to indorse the same, and is called the “endorser”. Capacity to make, etc., promissory notes, etc.: Every person capable of contracting, according to the law to which he is subject, may bind himself and be bound by the making, drawing, acceptance, endorsement, delivery and negotiation of a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque.

Minor: A minor may draw, endorse, deliver and negotiate such instruments to as to bind all parties except himself. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to empower a corporation to make, endorse or accept such instruments except in cases in which, under the law for the time being in force, they are so empowered.

Agency: Every person capable of binding himself or of being bound, as mentioned in section 26, may so bind himself or be bound by a duly authorized agent acting in his name. A general authority to transact business and to receive and discharge debts does not confer upon an agent the power of accepting or endorsing bills of exchange so as to bind his principal.